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Exploring self-organization and self-adaption for smart manufacturing complex networks

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 206-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0225-1

摘要： Trends toward the globalization of the manufacturing industry and the increasing demands for small-batch, short-cycle, and highly customized products result in complexities and fluctuations in both external and internal manufacturing environments, which poses great challenges to manufacturing enterprises. Fortunately, recent advances in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the widespread use of embedded processors and sensors in factories enable collecting real-time manufacturing status data and building cyber–physical systems for smart, flexible, and resilient manufacturing systems. In this context, this paper investigates the mechanisms and methodology of self-organization and self-adaption to tackle exceptions and disturbances in discrete manufacturing processes. Specifically, a general model of smart manufacturing complex networks is constructed using scale-free networks to interconnect heterogeneous manufacturing resources represented by network vertices at multiple levels. Moreover, the capabilities of physical manufacturing resources are encapsulated into virtual manufacturing services using cloud technology, which can be added to or removed from the networks in a plug-and-play manner. Materials, information, and financial assets are passed through interactive links across the networks. Subsequently, analytical target cascading is used to formulate the processes of self-organizing optimal configuration and self-adaptive collaborative control for multilevel key manufacturing resources while particle swarm optimization is used to solve local problems on network vertices. Consequently, an industrial case based on a Chinese engine factory demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and method in handling typical exceptions. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism and method outperform the event-triggered rescheduling method, reducing manufacturing cost, manufacturing time, waiting time, and energy consumption, with reasonable computational time. This work potentially enables managers and practitioners to implement active perception, active response, self-organization, and self-adaption solutions in discrete manufacturing enterprises.

关键词： cyber–physical systems Industrial Internet of Things smart manufacturing complex networks self-organization and self-adaption analytical target cascading collaborative optimization

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SUSTAINABLE PLANT PEST MANAGEMENT THROUGH OPTIMIZATION AND MINIMIZATION

Plant Production and Protection Division (NSP), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 161-166 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021426

摘要：

Plant pests and diseases have significant negative impacts on global food security, world trade and rural livelihoods. Climate change exacerbates these impacts in certain parts of the world. Overreliance on pesticides as the primary tool for plant pest management leads to problems such as pesticide resistance and pest resurgence. Environmental and food safety concerns are also associated with overuse of pesticides in crop production. There is clearly a need for a shift in pest management strategies and practices globally. Optimization of structures and functions in crop production agroecosystems through soil conservation practices and cropping diversification can improve pest regulation services provided in the systems. Prioritization of safer alternatives and practices in the IPM pyramid, such as resistant varieties and biopesticides, helps minimize the use of potentially risky agricultural inputs such as synthetic pesticides. Investment is needed to boost the development of innovative green technologies and practices. Production, distribution, use and regulatory capacities need to be strengthened to facilitate large-scale adoption of green technologies and practices. Finally, policy, financial and market instruments should be wielded to provide an enabling environment for the transformation to sustainable plant pest and disease management strategies and practices worldwide.

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Managing Coordination Complexity in the Remanufacturing of Aircraft Engines

Qing Yang,Lu Zheng

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 158-164 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016022

摘要： The complexity of communication and coordination stemming from teams responsible for adjusting interdependent parameters of components is a fundamental feature in the aircraft engine remanufacturing engineering project. To manage coordination complexity, the features of the remanufacturing process of aircraft engine are analyzed and a systematic method is presented to measure and optimize the dependency between coupled components. Furthermore, quantitative models are built based on Design Structure Matrix (DSM) models to measure dependency strengths related to the parameter features of the components. Also, a two-stage DSM clustering criteria is used to reduce the complexity of an organization. An industrial example is provided to illustrate the proposed models. The results showed that the proposed approach can reduce total coordination complexity.

关键词： remanufacturing engineering project aircraft engine coordination complexity organization optimization design structure matrix (DSM)

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我国公共食品安全应急治理组织模式优化

彭思喜,张日新

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 88-98 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.009

摘要：

针对公共食品安全应急治理“如何整合多元主体有效参与社会共治”的组织难题，本文在梳理我国公共食品安全应急治理组织演化与模式特征的基础上，揭示了我国公共食品安全应急治理组织症结：“条块分割”独特性造成公共食品安全应急治理的“不完备”科层制模式，从而催生和恶化了食品安全政府监管内在的“科层制困境”，引发了自身难以解决的复杂环境适应性、预案可操作性、信息传递单向性、多部门治理联动性、决策执行的制度依赖性等组织问题。基于我国公共食品安全应急治理组织的优化逻辑，本文提出了基于“三制融合”的公共食品安全应急治理组织模式，从组织结构、预案机制、信息机制、决策机制、支撑机制等方面探究了其运行机制。“三制融合”是我国公共食品安全应急治理组织模式的演化方向，将在推进多元社会主体有效参与和食品安全社会共治方面发挥积极作用。

关键词：公共食品安全；应急治理；组织模式；三制融合

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Construction of digital 3D magic-cube organization structure for innovation-driven manufacturing

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 373-390 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0237-x

摘要： Owing to the heterogeneity between functional units and resource scarcity, manufacturing firms have been struggling with intra-organizational coordination for productivity and innovation. Traditional organizational structures, such as linear-functional and matrix, may cause responsibility division and independent goals (Shahani, 2020), and are more difficult to be adopted by large-sized innovative manufacturing firms for quantity production. This is based on a review of several new forms of organization (i.e., network organization, multiteam system, and platform organization) compared with the traditional forms of organization (i.e., linear, matrix, and business unit organization, among others). This study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) magic-cube organizational structure, considering the product dimensions, business, and administration. Moreover, the characteristics, propositions of system operation, system dynamic model, and working model of the 3D magic-cube organization are described. Finally, the 3D model is applied in a Chinese manufacturing firm to test its effectiveness. By redesigning the post and pay system, the pilot organization establishes a project-driven and cross-functional coordination mechanism, positively affecting the firm’s financial profit, output value, labor productivity, and income of per capita. The proposed 3D model can be adopted by large- or medium-sized manufacturing firms for product development and innovation. The implications of both practice and theory are also discussed in this study.

关键词： innovation manufacturing 3D magic-cube organization structure coordination

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空调硬卧车内气流组织的数值模拟研究

张登春

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第9期页码 66-72

摘要：

空调车内气流组织研究是车厢内热环境控制的基础，合理的车内气流组织可有效地改善乘客的冷热舒适性。采用k-ε湍流模型对25K型空调硬卧车内气流组织进行了数值模拟，研究了不同送风方式和送风参数下车内空气流场和温度场分布规律，并与实验结果进行了对照，两者基本一致。研究结果对于改善硬卧车内人体冷热舒适性提供了理论依据，对车内气流组织优化设计有指导意义。

关键词：硬卧车湍流模型气流组织数值模拟

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技术总体组织在工程中的地位与作用

王连成

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第4期页码 16-21

摘要：

随着工程对象系统规模的扩大和复杂程度的提高，在工程技术组织中涌现出了一类崭新的组织--工程技术总体组织。文章概述了它们产生的历史意义，讨论了它们的体系结构、地位与作用、工作对象与工作内容，论述了它们的工作应依据的理论基础以及必须掌握和使用的主要工作方法和工作手段，分析了它们的组成人员的结构和它们与工程技术专业组织之间的正常关系。

关键词：工程工程系统工程系统论工程组织总体组织

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Research on Multidimensional Connotations of Megaproject Construction Organization Citizenship Behavior

Qing-hua He,De-lei Yang,Yong-kui Li,Lan Luo

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 148-153 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015024

摘要： Based on a literature review and the context characteristics of construction megaprojects (CMPs), a multidimensional connotation model of CMP citizenship behavior was proposed, including definitions, actors, and dimensions. Organizational citizenship behavior includes Cooperation Behavior (CoB), Collaboration Behavior (ClB), Innovation Behavior (IB), Voice Behavior (VB),Conscientiousness & Dedication Behavior (CDB), Benefit Defense Behavior (BDB) and Guanxi (Relations) Maintenance Behavior (GMB). Actors were divided into three levels that were project managers (individual), participant agents (group) and project organization (network).

关键词： construction megaproject (CMP) organizational citizenship behavior connotation grounded theory

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A review of metro construction in China: Organization, market, cost, safety and schedule

Lieyun DING, Jie XU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 4-19 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017015

摘要： China is now in an era of large-scale metro construction. This paper reviews the nature of Chinese metro engineering with a specific focus on its organization and market mode, cost structure, safety control and schedule management. Then, an examination on recent research in metro engineering of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is also conducted, which indicates that information and automation based technologies are increasingly used in practice.

关键词： metro engineering construction status construction challenges NSFC

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工业孵化组织及其管理

卢锐,盛昭瀚

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第12期页码 80-84

摘要：

研究了工业孵化组织的创办形式、经营管理，并对未来进行展望。

关键词：工业孵化组织管理创办形式

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基于熵模型的大型建筑企业组织结构研究

王兴,詹伟,王国庆

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第10期页码 84-88

摘要：

分析了组织结构对企业管理的重要意义以及组织结构设计与信息传递的关系，基于国内外大型建筑企业组织结构的对比，发现国内外大型建筑企业组织结构的共性与差异。提出运用信息熵模型从时效和质量两个方面评价组织结构的有序度，为考查组织信息传递有效性提供了定量方法，据此对日本鹿岛建设集团和中国铁建股份有限公司进行了评价。

关键词：组织结构大型建筑企业信息熵有序度

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发展高新技术必先营造制度环境

郭重庆

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 55-58

摘要：

结合国内外专家对经济增长源泉认识的不同观点及我国企业的现状和面临的问题，认为营造制度环境和管理创新是发展我国高新技术的关键。

关键词：高新技术经济发展制度创新管理创新

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The 2015 International Summit Forum on Engineering Science and Technology Development Strategy, the 205th China Engineering Science and Technology Forum, and the 9th China Engineering Management Forum Held in Guangzhou

China Engineering Management Forum Organization Committee

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 195-197 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015032

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Evaluation of Corporate Sustainability

Panitas Sureeyatanapas,Jian-Bo Yang,David Bamford

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 176-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014025

摘要： As a consequence of an increasing demand in sustainable development for business organizations, the evaluation of corporate sustainability has become a topic intensively focused by academic researchers and business practitioners. Several techniques in the context of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) have been suggested to facilitate the evaluation and the analysis of sustainability performance. However, due to the complexity of evaluation, such as a compilation of quantitative and qualitative measures, interrelationships among various sustainability criteria, the assessor’s hesitation in scoring, or incomplete information, simple techniques may not be able to generate reliable results which can reflect the overall sustainability performance of a company. This paper proposes a series of mathematical formulations based upon the evidential reasoning (ER) approach which can be used to aggregate results from qualitative judgments with quantitative measurements under various types of complex and uncertain situations. The evaluation of corporate sustainability through the ER model is demonstrated using actual data generated from three sugar manufacturing companies in Thailand. The proposed model facilitates managers in analysing the performance and identifying improvement plans and goals. It also simplifies decision making related to sustainable development initiatives. The model can be generalized to a wider area of performance assessment, as well as to any cases of multiple criteria analysis.

关键词： corporate organization sustainability evidential reasoning evaluation assessment

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工程管理信息化架构研究

刘人怀,孙凯

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第8期页码 4-9

摘要：

通过对实现工程管理信息化过程中各利益相关者的分析，提出了建立工程管理信息化的可参考途径，并对工程管理信息化架构的演变过程及相应模式进行了分析，提出了由服务层(service layer)、应用层(application layer)、资源层(resource layer)和基础设施层(infrastructure layer)构成的4层SARI架构。

关键词：工程管理信息化架构组织协作公共平台